Transmission



April 23, 194e. H E CARNAGUA ET AL 2,399,098

v TRANsMIwss 10N I I Filed June 2e, 1945 4 shee'c's-sheet 2 Y rg-'fw M April 23, 1946., H. E. cARNAGuA ETAL. 2,399,098 TRANSMISSION Filed June 26, 1943 A 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 7;@ A .-27 *63 17a 25j 1 rofci/ E Carzzqgutz CZWWCZ 5w f April 23, 1946- H. E. CARNAGUA E1- AL 2,399,098

TRANSMISSION Filed June 26, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 j mmms l I @if Patented Apr. 23, 1946 UNITED STATES* TRANSMISSION Harold E. Carnagua and-Clifford PATE cie, Ind., assignors to Borg-Warner Corporation, Chicago, Ill., a corporation'of Illinois Application June 26, 1943, Serial No. 492,379V

8 Claims.

erally of a conventional typeand in which other shifts may be operator energized.

The invention is characterized vby Athe provision of a plurality of independently operable torque responsive means, one for shifting the coupling device toward a coupled position Aand the other for shifting the coupling device away from such coupled position. The' invention is further characterized by the provision of torque responsive means which is not in the line of drive through the coupling mechanismy as distinguished from prior arrangements of a generally similar nature, such as those shown in the companion application of H, E. Carnagua and Cliiiord L. Swift, identified as Borg-Warnerr Case No. 4331-W, wherein a torque responsive mechanism does at times form part of the means for transmitting drive through the coupling mech-v anism, and is therefore dependent,` for its direction of operation, upon the direction in which torque is beingtransmitted through the coupling mechanism, i. e. the direction in which the members of the coupling mechanism tend to rotate relative to each other. VIt is therefore anobject of the present invention to provide a coupling mechanism which is adapted toA provide a torque responsive shift without being controlled by the direction in which torque isV being transmitted therethrough.

These and other objects and features of this invention willbecome apparentfrom the following specication when taken together with the accompanying drawingsvin which:

Fig. V1 is an kaxial sectional view of a portion of a change speed transmission embodyingthe invention, shown in the neutral position;

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the same shownin the second speed position;

e Fig. 3 is a schematic view offthe same shown in the transition from second speed to direct"v drive position;A

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the sameshown in the direct drive position; Y Fig. 5 is a schematic viewof the same shown in the transition from direct drive back to the second speed position; l

Fig. 6 is atransverse sectional view(A ofthe same taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is Aa transverser sectional view ofthe same taken on the line 'I-'l of Fig. 4;

, Fig. 8 is an axial sectional View of a transmission embodying a modified'iorm of` thel inven- 5 tion, shown in the neutral position; s

Fig. 9 is a schematic View ofthe samein lthe second speed position; Y 1

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the samcfshown-f .in4 the transition froml the secondspeed position- 10 to the direct drive position; Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the same shown in the direct drive position;

Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional view taken on `vthe line |2--I2 of Fig. 8 showing the direct 'drive' synchronizerin vthe overrunning position; and

Fig. 1,3v is a transverse sectional view taken on they line |3-.l3 ofFig. 8, showing the second speed synchronizer inthe synchronizing-position.

As an example of one form in `which theginvention may be embodied, wehave shown, in,

Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive, a torque responsive couv pling adapted for use in` a conventional transmissionof the type wherein a drive-is adapted T'nto be transmitted from adirect `drive member Il) (or` a second speed driving member l2) to;

a driven shaftrltthe second speed member l-Z- being driven fromthe member I0 through con stant speed gearing including al gear v4I6 on the: ldrive member l0, a gear .I8 meshing withVA the 3 gear Vvlli f and forming part! cfa countershaft' gear cluster as illustratedschematicallyat 2li,V

a gear 22 forming part ofthe gear ycluster '28 and a gear 24 on the second speedl meshing with the gear 22. Y.

ofthe drive members l0, |2.to thefdriven shaft I4 through the ymedium ofY a .shiftable jawfclutcli member 26 carryingjaw clutch teethZB adapt;

The jaw clutch member 2t is in they fem er. -a sleeve encircling a hub member Il having-eX-- ternal splines I5, and the clutch teeth 28 are in.

the formof internal splines meshing with-the splines l5 to.forman axially.shiftableconnec-i tion betweenv the sleeve 2B andthe hub il. ,The

.hub Il in lturn issplined as at l3"to the. drivenk --`shaftl4.' A

In order to facilitate theautomatic shiitbetween the two `drive, positions, .theneutralepo-f. sition of the clutch sleeve `26 is remotefr'o'in the l direct drive position and .adjacentthe YSecond, 'speed position. In Fig. 1 which shows the cou- NT oFFica ember l2 and The drive is transmitted selectively from either pling in the neutral position, it may be noted that the clutch teeth 3 are carried on the end of an extended neck portion 36 of the driving member I2, which neck portion has an external diameter somewhat less than the base diameter of the clutch teeth 34, and that in the neutral position the neck portion 36 bridges the clutch teeth 32. Likewise, the clutch teeth 32 are carried on an extendedL neck portion 3l Vof the clutch sleeve 26, which neck portion is adapted to bridge the clutch teeth 34 in the neutral position. In passing to the direct drive position, the clutch teeth 32 will pass through the clutch teeth 34.

A direct drive synchronizer 42 is adapted to synchronize the clutch sleevev 26 to the clutch teeth 39 in theupshift from second speed to direct drive, and a second speed synchronizer 38 is adapted to synchronize the clutch sleeve 26 to the teeth 34 in the downshift from direct drive to the second speed position. Each of these synchronizers comprises a synchronizer ring 92 encircling a flanged extension 94 of the respective driving member and conned axially between a radial face 93 of the respective driving member and a washer -95 which in turn is abutted against a snap ring 96 Imounted'in the flange 94. Each synchroniser ring 92 is formed with peripheral synchronizer teeth 91 adapted to'be aligned with the adjacent teeth 3B or 34, and with internal ratchet teeth 93 which are adaliitedY to be engaged by spring pawls 99 mounted on the respective flanges 94. The ratchet teeth 98 are` so arranged that when positively engaged by thepawls99 they will position the synchronizer teeth in alignment with the adjacent teeth 30 or 34.

The second speed synchronizer 3'8 is adapted to become positively engaged when driving member I2 tends to rotate behind the driving member I2 and the direct drive synchronizer 42 becomes positively engaged when the direct drive member I9` tends to rotate slower` than the clutch sleeve 26.

The hub II is conned in an axially xed position between snap rings 48 and 50 mountedin the driven shaft I4. A poppet ball 54, mounted in a well 56 in the hub II, is urged by a spring 52 into engagement with the interior of the sleeve 26, and is adapted to have latching engagement ina recess 59 Ain the sleeve 26, to establish the second speed position, or a recess 59 in the sleeve 26, to establish the direct drive position. The ball 54 is adapted to yield against the resistance of the spring 52 to permit the sleeve 26 to be shifted torque responsively.

For manually shifting the clutch sleeve 2i?Y from the neutral position, shown in Fig. 1, to the second speed position, shown in Fig. 2, we provide an annular channel 'ISin the sleeve 26 and a fork` 66, engaged in the channel 'I6 and connected to suitable manual control mechanism.

For torque responsive shifting` of the clutch sleeve 26. we provide a pair ot torque responsive devices 46 and 4! respectively including left and right hand peripheral threads 49 formed on the clutch member 26 at the respective ends thereof, and retractable members 62 having thread sections 53 adapted to` be projected into meshing engagement with the threads 49 to render the torque responsive mechanism operative, orto be disengaged from the threads 49 to render the torque responsive mechanism inoperative.

The retractable members 62 are in the form of plungers mounted in bearings 64 inthe transmise' sion housing 66, each plunger `having at its outer end a cam recess 68k in a head 1Q. Each plunger operating the levers 12 may be employed.

62 is controlled by a lever l2 secured to a cam member 'I4 which is rotatable in the bearing 613 and has at its inner end a cam I5 adapted to engage in the cam recess 68. A spring i7 is compressed between the head 'I0 of each plunger 62 and a shoulder 'i6 in the bearing 6:2, and serves to yieldingly bias the plunger 62 toward its retracted position. The plungers 62 are moved to operative positions by oscillation of the cam members ,'14 to force the cams 'i5 out of the recesses .68 and against the dat end surfaces of the heads 1G.

Any suitable manual control mechanism for For example, the lever I2 of the torque responsive mechanism 43 could be arranged to be operated by movement of the engine throttle control mem ber to its fully retracted position in the throttle closing direction, and the lever i2 of the torque responsive mechanism 4l could be arranged to be connected to the throttleA control member in such a manner as to render the torque responsive device 4l operative when the accelerator control is moved to or, beyond its full throttle position. However, independent manual control couldbe employed if desired.

In the operatioirof the transmission, beginning with the neutral position shown inFig; 1a shift to the second speed position shown in Fig. 2 may be made simply by shifting the yoke Si) to f' the left as viewed in the drawings, so as to bring the clutch teeth teeth 34.

The upshift from second speed position to direct drive is eiected by closing the engine 32 into mesh with the clutch throttle andsimultaneously operating the'control for the torque responsive device 46 to engage the teeth 53 with the left hand thread 49 thereof,`

and such engagement, in connection with the forward rotation of the thread 49, will cause the sleeve 26 to advance toward the direct drive member III, forcing the poppet ball 54 out of the recess 58 and meshing the teeth 28 with the synchronizer teeth 91 of the direct drive synchronizer 42. The ring 92 Vof the synchroniser 41 will then rotate with the sleeve 26, while the drive member IG decelerates, and when the latter commences to rotate slower than the sleeve 26, the synchroniser 42 will engage positively, aligning the teeth 91 with the teeth 3B and permitting the teeth 28 to slide smoothly into mesh with the teeth 39.

" with the partial threads 53 of the plunger 62, dis- The poppet ball 54 will then engage in the recess 59, latching the sleeve 26 in the direct drive position of Fig. 4. As the direct drive positionis reached, the thread 49 will rotate out of mesh continuing the torque responsive action.

In the downshiit from direct drive to second speed the engine throttle is opened and the control for the torque responsive device 4l is simultaneouslymanipulated'to mesh 'the teeth 53 with the right hand thread 49 thereof, whereupon the sleeve 26 will be drawn to the right, thesyn` chronizerv 38 ratcheting until the speed ofthe drive member I2 has been increased to that of the clutch member 26, whereupon the synchronizer 38 will establish positive engagement, lining up the synchronizer teeth 91 with the clutch teeth 34 and permitting the clutch teeth 32v to slide smoothly into engagement with the teeth 34. Second speed ratio will thus -beestablished and the thread 49 will have rotated out of mesh with the partial threads 53 of the torque responsive coupling 41.

The coupling may be shifted back vte .the neutral position-.by retracting .both of theplungers 62 andthen manually shifting the yoke 60"=to theright. y

In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 8 to 13' inclusive, the drive members |0a and |2a respectivelyV are formedwith flanges |1 encircling andspacedradially outwardly from the clutch members f 30a. andv 34a respectively,` the latter having internal clutch teeth instead of` the external clutch teeth of the previously described form of the invention. The synchronizer rings 92a are accommodated in annular recesses between the flanges |1 and the clutch members 30a and 34arespectively, each synchronizer ring having a plurality of internal recesses in whichv driving -balls |02 are adapted to engage. YThe clutch members 30a and y3fm each have recesses |04 normally receiving the balls i 02. Each recess |04 has a ramp surface |06 adapted to cam a driving ball |02 outwardly into a recess |00, so as to establish positive coupling engagement of .theV synchronizing devices. Each synchronizer ring 92a is provided with internal teeth 91a adapted to-be aligned with the clutch teeth 30a, 34a when the synchronizers engage positively.

1 The vshiftable clutch sleeve 26a issplined at |5a to the driven shaft Ma, and has external clutch teeth'28a and 32a respectively adapted for clutching engagement with the teeth 30a and '34a respectively.v

Thetwo vtorque responsive devices 46a and 41a respectively each comprises helical spline type threads 49a on the periphery of the clutch 26a and a sleeve member |9 havinginternal threads meshing with the threads 49a.` Each sleeve member I9 isV formed with a drum portion 2| journalled on a respective ilange member |1 through the'medium of bearing rollers 23 and carrying on its periphery a brake ring 2-5. An end bearing 1a is interposed between the end of'each `flange I1 and the corresponding drum portion2l.

The torque'responsive couplings 46a and 41a are made operative bybraking their respective sleeve members I9. For this purpose, We provide brake shoes 21 adapted to engage the respective brakerings 25. The shoes 21 are independently' controlled in a manner similar to that described in connection with the other 4form oi the invention.

Forr locking the clutch sleeve "26a in its respective positions, we provide a locking ringV 6| encircling the vsleeve member |9 of the torque responsive coupling 46a, and adapted to hold a locking element 54a, (caged in a bore 56a in the sleeve member I9) in engagement with any one of threerecesses 58a, 59a or- 51 inthe splined periphery of the sleeve 26a. The springs `63 mounted in lbores 65V in the collar 6|, are compressed between the collar 6| and the drum portion 2| of the torque responsive coupling 46a, and function to constantly bias the collar 6| toward a locking position in which the locking elements are forced into a recess 51, 58a or 50a as previously stated. The collar 6| is adapted to be engaged bv a lever 12a for moving it from this locking position to a position wherein an internal recess 13 therein registers with the locking element 54a to permit the latter to be released from a recess 51, 58a or 59a. Engagement of the locking element 54a in the recess 51 establishes the neutral position. Engagement of the locking element in the recess 58a establishes second speed tablishes direct drive position.

`The operation ofthe form of the invention just described -is similar to thatof the previously described form of theinvention with the exception that the lockingis positive, and a separate control is provided 'for unlocking. This control is preferably coordinated with the control for the torque responsive ,coupling l41a in such a mannerl that bothcontrols willrbe made operative simultaneously upon moving the throttle control member to full throttle position or beyond.

While we have herein referred to the movable clutch means as being torque responsive, at least insofar4 as the elementsl 46 and 46a are concerned, it is understood that movements of the clutches, in the respective forms shown, are responsive to torque actionr in the sense that when properly engaged they will be actuated by torque. Thus Veach is torque actuated by engagement of the rotating clutch, in the Vmanner disclosed by stationary means, gwhereby the torque action causes the shifting operation.

We claim:

l. In a positive coupling, the combination of ilrst and second members rotatable relative to each other, a third member rotatable relativeto said first and second members,ra coupling member adapted forpositive coupling connection with l either vof said first or second members and having an, axially shiftable drivingV connection with said third member, said coupling member having a neutral position in addition to its positive couplingy positions, means -selectively operable to be effective upon rotation of saidcoupling member for causing shifting of the coupling member into one of its positive .coupling positions, vmeans selectively operable to be effective upon rotation of said coupling member for causing shifting oi the coupling member into the other of its positive coupling positions, and operator controlled means for shifting said coupling member from its neutral position to one of its coupling positions.

2. In a positive coupling, the combination of rst and second members rotatable relative to each other, a third member rotatable relative to said first and second members, a coupling member adapted for positive coupling connection with either of said first or secondmembers and having an axially shiftable driving connection with said third member, means' selectively operable to be effective upon rotation of said coupling member for causing shifting of the coupling member into one of its positive coupling positions, and means selectively operable to be eiective upon rotation of said coupling member for causing shifting of the coupling member into the other of its positive coupling positions, said two last named means including Vthreads of opposite hand formed on said coupling member. y

3. `In a positive coupling, the combination of rst and second members rotatable relative to each other, a third member rotatable relative to said first and second members,a coupling member adapted for positive coupling connection with either of said rst or second members and having an axially shiftable driving connection with saidv selectively operable to be effective upon rotation of said coupling member for causing shifting of the coupling member from its said first namedl coupling position into the other of its positive coupling positions, said shifting meansfrcompi'i'sing threads of opposite hand.V formed on'said coupling member and devices 'i coasting withi the respective threads and adapted` to be independ" ently moved into mesh' with the respectivev threads.

4. In a positive coupling-,J the combinationfofy for causingshiftingV of the coupling member into one of its positivccoupling positions, and means selectively operable to be eiective upon4 rotation' of said coupling member for causing shifting o f the coupling member from said lastnamed coupling position into its other positive coupling position, said two shifting means 'comprising threads of opposite hand formed on said coupling member and threaded members 'coacting with said threads and in constant mesh therewith, said coacting threaded members being Aadapted for free rotation with said respective sets of threads, and means for independently braking said ycoacting members for shifting the coupling member.

5. In a positive'coupling, the combination of first and second members rotatable relative to each other, a third member rotatable -relative to said first and second members, a coupling memer adapted for positive coupling connection with either of said' first or second members and having an axially shiftable driving connection with said third'memb'er", said coupling member having in addition to its two positive coupling positions a neutral non-'coupling position adjacent to one or" its positive coupling positions and remote from the other, means selectively operable to ber effective upon rotation of the coupling member for causing shifting of the coupling member from one .of its positive coupling positions into the other of its positive coupling positions, means selectively operable'fto be eiective upon'rotation of said coupling member for causing shifting oi the coupling member from its last named positive coupling position into the other toits positive coupling positions, and operator releasable means for automatically locking said coupling member in either of its positive coupling positions or in s said neutral position.

6. In a Ipositive coupling, the combination of first and second members rotatable relative to each other, athird member rotatable relative to said first and second members, a coupling member adapted for positive coupling connection with either of said rst or second members and having an axially shiitable driving connection with the thirdniemb'er,4 saldc'ouplingLmember havingfin addition Vtoi its two 'positive coupling: positions ai neutral non-coupling position adjacent to.1 one Aof its coupling positions andremoteffromzthe'other,

meansselectively' operable to' be ei'ective? upon" said coupling memberfor causing shifting of they coupling member from its last namedpositive coupling position into its other positive coupling' position, operator releasableL means for automat' ically lockingsaid' coupling member in eitherof'- i its positive coupling positions-or in its' 'saidneutral' position, andk operator controlled means'coupled.

directly to said coupling member for shifting the" same from its neutral position to the adjacent positive coupling position. f '1. In a positive coupling device, they combln;

tion of a pair of relatively rotatablev members, acoupling member adapted Aforpositive coupling connection' with one of said members and l'iavingv an axially shiftable drivingconnectio'n With-the Aother, and means selectively operable to beef? cluding a thread' formedA on the coupling member' and a member coacting with said thread, Fand operator controlled means for shifting said :last

named memberjintoand-out of mesh'Withthc thread. j

8. Ina positive coupling device, the combina tion of ajpair of- 'relativelyrotatable-membersa coupling member adapted forpositive couplingV connection with one of -said members and having an axially shiftable driving connectionwththe other, means selectively operable to be effective"- upon rotation of said coupling member fora-causing shiftingfof the coupling' member into itsposi'4 tive coupling position, said shifting m'eansln--` cluding a member having a threaded connection with said coupling member Vand normally freely said normally` freely rotatabley member, alook-v -ing element caged in said normally freely-rd-` tatable member and adapted -ior locking engagement with saidv Vcoupling'-member, meansA constantly biasing said lockingcollar to a position wherein it will hold said locking element in' saidlocking engagementjandmeans for-shifting said collar to a position wherein it permits said lock' ing element to bereleased from said locking-'env HAROLD E. CARNAGU. I 'curr-ORD n SWIFT. 

